What type of crowd is characterized by having no unity of purpose and no leadership?

The casual crowd is characterized by a lack of unity of purpose and leadership, distinguishing it from other types of crowds. Members of a casual crowd gather in a particular location but do not share a common goal or objective. This can include people at a park, mall, or public event who are simply present without any organized intent. They engage in individual activities and interactions, making the atmosphere relaxed and informal.

In contrast, other crowd types have distinguishing features such as shared goals or intentions, which create a sense of unity among their members. For example, a riot crowd is typically fueled by heightened emotions and aggressive behavior, while a protest crowd is organized around specific social or political issues, leading to a directed purpose. A hostile crowd is marked by hostility and potential violence, which also suggests a form of collective purpose, even if it is adversarial.

Thus, the casual crowd stands out due to its lack of cohesive intent and absence of leadership, making it the correct answer.