Which case allows officers to take a driver out of their vehicle during a traffic stop?

Pennsylvania v. Mimms is the case that supports the practice of an officer removing a driver from their vehicle during a traffic stop. The Supreme Court ruled that once a vehicle is lawfully stopped for a traffic violation, the officer has the authority to order the driver out of the vehicle for officer safety. This ruling is rooted in the need to maintain a safe environment for law enforcement personnel during a potentially volatile situation. The Court reasoned that the government’s interest in ensuring the officer's safety outweighs the minimal intrusion on the driver, thus justifying this action during a lawful traffic stop.

In contrast, the other cases listed address different legal principles. Miranda v. Arizona focuses on the requirement of informing individuals of their rights during custodial interrogation. Terry v. Ohio deals with the legal standard for stop-and-frisk encounters, allowing officers to briefly detain a person based on reasonable suspicion for the purpose of investigating potential criminal activity. Graham v. Connor is related to the use of force by police and the standard of reasonableness in evaluating excessive force claims. Each of these cases has significant implications in law enforcement practices, but they do not specifically address the action of removing a driver from their vehicle during a traffic stop.